有強而有力的科學證據顯示喝酒會致癌(1, 2)。國際癌症研究機構(International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC)早在1987年,就將酒精列為第一類致癌物(即對人類具致癌性的物質),因為有充分證據顯示酒精會導致人類口腔癌、咽喉癌、喉癌、食道癌及肝癌。美國國家毒理學計畫(National Toxicology Program)自2000年第九版《致癌物報告》中,已將酒精性飲料列為已知的人類有致癌物。根據流行病學研究顯示,與不喝酒的人相比,喝酒的人罹患某些癌症的風險較高,而且喝酒量越大,罹患這些癌症的風險就越高。然而,即使是輕度喝酒的人,也可能會增加罹癌風險。例如,每天只喝一杯酒的女性,其罹患乳癌的風險高於每週喝酒少於一杯的女性,若是重度喝酒或暴飲者,其風險則更高(3-7)。2019年,美國約180萬人診斷為癌症診斷,約有5%,將近10萬人與酒精攝取有關;同年約60萬例癌症死亡病例中,約有4%,近2萬5千人也與喝酒有關(8)。與不喝酒的人相比,喝酒的人會增加罹患以下癌症的風險:
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